Practice Test

Q1) Several plant and animal species present together at a place constitute a Show Answer

Q2) Basic unit of ecological hierarchy is Show Answer

Q3) The branch of science which studies the interactions among organisms and between organisms and physical environment is called as Show Answer

Q4) Different biomes are formed due to annual variations in ___________ over the earth's surface. Show Answer

Q5) Deserts, rainforests, tundra etc. are examples of Show Answer

Q6) The key elements that determine differences in environmental conditions of different habitats include Show Answer

Q7) Temperature is considered as the most ecologically relevant environmental factor because it affects ________ of organisms. Show Answer

Q8) Mangoes do not and cannot grow in temperate regions. The most important environmental factor responsible for it is Show Answer

Q9) Water is the second most important factor influencing life of organisms because Show Answer

Q10) Life is sustainable with water only because Show Answer

Q11) A place has very scanty rainfall, the dominant plants there may be Show Answer

Q12) A freshwater organism cannot survive in a water body that has greater________ than its original habitat. Show Answer

Q13) Which of the following is not a part of an organism's physical environment? Show Answer

Q14) Organisms that can tolerate a wide range of salt concentration are termed as Show Answer

Q15) Many freshwater organisms cannot live for long in seawater because the surrounding water will be______ to body cells and _________ may occur. Show Answer

Q16) Three water bodies were tested for salinity of water. Water body X showed salt concentration as 3 parts per thousand, Y showed 35 parts per thousand and Z showed 110 parts per thousand salinity. Select the correct option regarding this. Show Answer

Q17) Which of the following statements is incorrect? Show Answer

Q18) Characteristics of a terrestrial biome are strongly influenced by its Show Answer

Q19) Water holding capacity of the soil depends upon Show Answer

Q20) Seasonal variations on earth occur due to its Show Answer

Q21) __________ biomes are abundant in regions of hot and wet climate, while ________ biomes are found in hot and dry climate. Show Answer

Q22) Organisms that can maintain a constant internal temperature are called as Show Answer

Q23) Which of the following options is correct? Show Answer

Q24) Many animals use the diurnal and seasonal variations in light intensity and photoperiod to time their Show Answer

Q25) When organisms change their location to escape from harsh environment, it is called as Show Answer

Q26) When we are in a hot room, we sweat profusely. It is a __________ means of maintaining homeostasis. Show Answer

Q27) Which of the following options exemplifies a behavioural means of homeostasis? Show Answer

Q28) It can be said that some animals in their evolutionary development preferred to be conformers than regulators. Which of the following can be the best suited reason for it? Show Answer

Q29) Organisms may avoid stressful conditions by suspending their activities for sometime. If they do it to avoid high temperature it is called _______ and if they do it to avoid low temperature then it is called __________. Show Answer

Q30) Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions because Show Answer

Q31) Organisms show migration in order to avoid unfavourable conditions of Show Answer

Q32) Which of the following is an important adaptation of animals to cold climates? Show Answer

Q33) ________ is an attribute of the organism (morphological, physiological, behavioural) to survive and reproduce in its habitat. Show Answer

Q34) Which of the following statements is incorrect? Show Answer

Q35) Which of the following is an incorrect match? Show Answer

Q36) Read the following statements about adaptations in desert plants and select the correct ones.
(i) They have a thick cuticle on their leaf surfaces.
(ii) They have stomata present in deep sunken pits.
(iii) They use CAM pathway for photosynthesis.
(iv) They have flattened stems and large sized leaves.
(v) Their stomata remain closed during the day. Show Answer

Q37) An inhabitant of Varanasi goes to Rohtang and experiences nausea, fatigue and heart palpitations. It is because Show Answer

Q38) Which of the following problems does the frequent deep sea diver organisms like whales may face? Show Answer

Q39) Opuntia has spine like leaves which help in Show Answer

Q40) ________ rule states that mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss. Show Answer

Q41) Whales can resist tissue compression during diving because they have Show Answer

Q42) Read the following statements regarding adaptations in deep-diving sea creatures (such as sperm whales and bottlenose whales) and select the correct ones.
(i) They have collapsible lungs which reduce lung rupture and increased blood nitrogen level.
(ii) During the dive, they rely on oxygen stored in their blood and muscles.
(iii) Air filled sinuses have extensive blood vessels that swell up during diving to reduce the size of air filled spaces.
(iv) Haemoglobin concentration in these mammals is twice as much as that found in terrestrial mammals.
(v) Concentration of myoglobin (oxygen storage pigment) is extremely elevated in these animals. Show Answer

Q43) Adaptation may be Show Answer

Q44) Assuming that an animal generates heat at a rate proportional to its volume and can radiate heat at a rate proportional to its body surface area, which of the following would be best at maintaining its body temperature in a cold climate? Show Answer

Q45) If A, B, C, D, G, P, Q, R and S represent different species, then which of the following figures symbolizes a biome? Show Answer

Q46) A behavioural strategy of adaptation called echolocation is found in Show Answer

Q47) If an organism's body pattern resembles its environment making it difficult to spot, it is called as Show Answer

Q48) Which of the following statements is incorrect? Show Answer

Q49) Which of the following options is correct?  Show Answer

Q50) Which of the following algae are found in deepest ocean waters? Show Answer

Q51) Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) All the colour components of the visible spectrum are available for marine plants living in different depths of the ocean.
(ii) Many herbs and shrubs in rainforests adapt to photosynthesize optimally under very low light conditions as they grow under canopy trees.
(iii) Gradual increase in average global temperature will affect the distributional range of some species.
(iv) The quality of soil does not depend upon the weathering process. Show Answer

Q52) Read the following statements and select the incorrect ones.
(i) Homeostasis ensures constant osmotic concentration of cells.
(ii) The famous Keolado National Park (Bharatpur) in Rajasthan hosts thousands of migratory birds coming from Siberia, in every winter.
(iii) 99% of animals and nearly all plants are regulators.
(iv) The conformers are able to maintain their body temperature inspite of changes in ambient temperature. Show Answer

Q53) Kangaroo and desert rat that live in conditions of water scarcity are capable of meeting all their water requirements by
Show Answer

Q54) Dart frogs (Phyllobates bicolour, Dendrobates pumilio) found in tropical rain forests of South America are highly poisonous as well as brightly coloured to be easily noticed. This is referred to as Show Answer

Q55) Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Cow in India and Kangaroo in Australia (both herbivores) are ecological equivalents.
Statement 2: The organisms having similar niche in different geographical regions are known as ecological equivalents. Show Answer

Q56) Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Study of a single individual or a population in relation to environment is called autecology.
Statement 2: Study of group of individuals or a community in relation to environment is known as synecology. Show Answer

Q57) Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Zone of transition between two types of communities is called as ecotone.
Statement 2: Estuary is an ecotone between marine and fresh water communities. Show Answer

Q58) In which one of the following habitats does the diurnal temperature of soil surface vary most? Show Answer

Q59) The plant - animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists so that Show Answer

Q60) Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: The prickly pear cactus introduced into Australia in early 1920s caused havoc by spreading rapidly into millions of hectares of rangeland.
Statement 2: When certain exotic species are introduced into a geographical area, they become invasive and start spreading fast because the invaded land does not have its natural predators. Show Answer

Q61) Species interaction with negative influence on both is referred to as Show Answer

Q62) Which of the following exhibits mutualism? Show Answer

Q63) In a pond, there were 30 lotus plants in last year. Through reproduction, 25 new lotus plants were added by reproduction in one year while 8 plants died. The birth and death rates for the lotus population respectively are ________ and __________ individuals per lotus per year. Show Answer

Q64) A population in which number of per-reproductive individuals is very large, number of reproductive individuals is moderate while post-reproductive individuals are fewer. Which kind of age pyramid is represented by such a population? Show Answer

Q65) In some cases, population density is measured in terms of biomass rather than in terms of numbers because Show Answer

Q66) Which of the following is not an example of using relative density to measure population density in a certain area? Show Answer

Q67) Total number of individuals of a species per unit area and per unit time is called Show Answer

Q68) Percentage of individuals of a given age group in a given population is called as Show Answer

Q69) If the age distribution is plotted for a population, the resulting structure is called as Show Answer

Q70) Population ecology is an important area because it (i) ecology, population genetics and (ii). Identify (i) and (ii) in the above statement and select the correct option. Show Answer

Q71) In a given population of 2000 individuals, 80 births and 125 deaths were reported over a given period of time. Which of the following graphs will correspond to it? Show Answer

Q72) Parameters related to age structure include Show Answer

Q73) The age structure of a population respresents Show Answer

Q74) The age structure of a population influences population growth because Show Answer

Q75) If most individuals in a population are young, why is the population likely to grow rapidly in the future? Show Answer

Q76) Which of the following factors has a negative effect on the population growth rate? Show Answer

Q77) Which of the following is not a factor that would limit the growth of a population? Show Answer

Q78) For which of the following cases, population density can be easily determined by utilizing non-biological parameter? Show Answer

Q79) Exponential growth is observed in a population when Show Answer

Q80) In a population per capita birth rate is 0.15 and per capita death rate is 0.08 during a unit time period. What is the value of r (intrinsic rate of natural increase) for the given population? Show Answer

Q81) The maximum possible number of individuals that a habitat can support is called its Show Answer

Q82) Which of the following equations correctly represents Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth? Show Answer

Q83) Which of the following equations correctly represents the exponential population growth curve? Show Answer

Q84) A population with a larger proportion of older individuals than younger ones will likely to Show Answer

Q85) An urn shaped population age pyramid represents Show Answer

Q86) Which of the following statements is correct? Show Answer

Q87) Which of the following statements is correct? Show Answer

Q88) In a life table, the number of individuals alive at the beginning of the 1st year to 2nd year interval is 800. Durina this interval, 200 individuals die. The death rate for this interval is Show Answer

Q89) Obligate parasites are the organisms that Show Answer

Q90) The interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects together is known as Show Answer

Q91) Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
(i) The human liver fluke, a nematode parasite, depends on two intermediate hosts (a snail and a fish) to complete its life cycle.
(ii) The malarial parasite needs a vector (mosquito) to spread to other host organisms.
(iii) In case of brood parasitism, the eggs of parasitic birds (e.g., cuckoo) are not detected and removed from the nest because the parasite's eggs resemble the host's eggs in morphology and colour.
(iv) A population of frogs protected from all predators would increase indefinitely. Show Answer

Q92) When two similar species, live in the same area, they may evolve to become more different in order to Show Answer

Q93) Do humans exhibit any mutualistic relationships? Show Answer

Q94) Human cells contain mitochondria, which are responsible for producing the energy needed by our cells. Remember that the ancestors of mitochondria may once have been free living prokaryotes. If mitochondria were still considered to be separate organisms within our cells, which of the following would best describe our relationship with them? Show Answer

Q95) Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Brood parasitism in birds is an example of parasitism in which the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and the host incubates them
Statement 2: During the course of evolution, the eggs of the parasite bird have evolved to resemble the host's eggs in size and colour to reduce the chances of the host bird detecting the foreign eggs and removing them from the nest. Show Answer

Q96) Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of smaller birds. The fast-developing cowbird chicks hatch first, then push the other baby chicks out of the nest as they hatch. The cowbird is classified as a Show Answer

Q97) The prickly pear cactus became unusually abundant after its introduction in Australia, because it Show Answer

Q98) Why you never see cattle or goats browsing on weed Calotropis? Show Answer

Q99) Which of the following statements is correct? Show Answer

Q100) Competitive exclusion principle stating that inferior species is eliminated eventually after prolonged competition was given by Show Answer

Q101) Two species competing for the same resource can avoid competition by choosing different habits. This phenomenon is called _______and was supported by _______. Show Answer

Q102) Which of the following is not an example of prey-predator relationship? Show Answer

Q103) Which of the following is an advantage of predation? Show Answer

Q104) On the rocky sea coasts of Scotland, the larger and competitively superior barnacle Balanus dominates the intertidal area, and excludes the smaller barnacle Chthamalus from that zone. Which kind of interaction is being depicted by this example? Show Answer

Q105) Read the given examples of animal interactions.
(i) An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch
(ii) Barnacles growing on the back of a whale
(iii) Clown fish living among the stinging tentacles of sea anemone
(iv) Cattle egrets foraging close to the grazing catte
Which kind of interaction is being cited by these? Show Answer

Q106) Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Plants need the help of insects and animals for pollinating their flowers and dispersing their seeds.
Statement 2: Plants offer rewards in the form of pollen and nectar for pollinators and juicy and nutritious fruits for seed dispersers. Show Answer

Q107) An interaction between two individuals where one is benefitted while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is called as Show Answer

Q108) Two different species cannot live for long duration in the same niche or habitat. This law is called Show Answer

Q109) Niche overlap indicates Show Answer

Q110) Autecology is the Show Answer

Q111) Ecotone is Show Answer

Q112) Biosphere is Show Answer

Q113) Ecological niche is Show Answer

Q114) According to Allen's Rule, the mammals from colder climates have Show Answer

Q115) Salt concentration (salinity) of the sea measured in parts per thousand is Show Answer

Q116) Formation of tropical forests needs mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation as Show Answer

Q117) Which of the following forest plants controls the light conditions at the ground? Show Answer

Q118) What will happen to a well growing herbaceous plant in the forest if it is transplanted outside the forest in a park? Show Answer

Q119) If a population of 50 Paramecium present in a pool increases to 150 after an hour, what would be the growth rate of population? Show Answer

Q120) What would be the percent growth or birth rate per individual per hour for the population of 50 Paramecium present in a pool increases to 150 after an hour? Show Answer

Q121) A population has more young individuals compared to the older individuals. What would be the status of the population after some years? Show Answer

Q122) What parameters are used for tiger census in our country's national parks and sanctuaries? Show Answer

Q123) Which of the following would necessarily decrease the density of a population in a given habitat? Show Answer

Q124) A protozoan reproduces by binary fission. What will be the number of protozoans in its population after six generations? Show Answer

Q125) In 2005, for each of the 14 million people present in a country, 0.028 were born and 0.008 died during the year. Using exponential equation, the number of people present in 2015 is predicted as Show Answer

Q126) Amensalism is an association between two species where Show Answer

Q127) Lichens are the associations of Show Answer

Q128) Which of the following is a partial root parasite? Show Answer

Q129) Which one of the following organisms reproduces sexually only once in its life time? Show Answer

Q130) Assertion: Prolonged intraspecific competition causes an increase in the size of the niche of a population.
Reason: In such a population, use of a new type of resource will increase through the generations. Show Answer

Q131) Assertion: Small sized animals are rarely found in polar regions.
Reason: Small sized animals have larger surface area relative to their volume and they have to spend much energy to generate body heat through metabolism. Show Answer

Q132) Assertion: The aquatic organisms in which the osmotic concentration and temperature of body change according to the ambient conditions of water are referred to as conformers.
Reason: These organisms are able to maintain homeostasis through thermoregulation and osmoregulation by physiological or behavioural means. Show Answer

Q133) Assertion: Bell shaped age pyramid represents a stable population.
Reason: Proportion of individuals in reproductive age group is higher than the individuals in pre-reproductive age group. Show Answer

Q134) Assertion: A population growing in a habitat with limited resources shows initially a lag phase, followed by phases of acceleration and deceleration and finally an asymptote, when the population density reaches the carrying capacity.
Reason: This type of population growth is called Verhulst Pearl Logistic growth, in which a plot of N (population density) at time (t) results in a sigmoid curve. Show Answer

Q135) Assertion: The community of an ecotone commonly contains the organisms of each of the overlapping communities and in addition the organisms which are restricted to the ecotone.
Reason: The tendency for increased variety and density at community junctions is known as the edge effect. Show Answer

Q136) Assertion: Plant-animal interactions do not generally involve co-evolution of the mutualist organisms.
Reason: Evolution of the plants and animals can never go side by side. Show Answer

Q137) Assertion: The epiphytes use the trees only for attachment and manufacture their own food by photosynthesis.
Reason: This type of interaction is a type of negative interaction which results in negative effects on the growth and survival of one or both of the populations. Show Answer

Q138) Assertion: Mycorrhizae represent a mutually beneficial interspecific interaction of fungi with roots of higher plants.
Reason: In this relationship both the organisms enter into some sort of physiological exchange. Show Answer

Q139) Assertion: The tendency for competition to bring about an ecological separation of closely related or otherwise similar species is known as competitive exclusion principle. Reason: If two species compete for the same resource, they could avoid competition by choosing different times for feeding or different foraging patterns. Show Answer

Q140) Assertion: Predators not only take the old, sick and young individuals but also the healthy individuals.
Reason: If predators killed only the old, sick and young prey individuals, then there would be no evolution of antipredatory traits in the prey population. Show Answer

Q141) Assertion: In deep water bodies, variations in temperature of water at different depths result in thermal stratification.
Reason: In temperate lakes, cooling of surface water during autumn and warming of it during spring result in circulation of nutrients as well as oxygen, twice a year. Show Answer

Q142) Assertion: Coral reefs are not found in the regions from West Bengal to Andhra Pradesh but are found in Tamil Nadu and on the East coast of India.
Reason: Corals require low siltation, low fresh water inflow by rivers, high salinity and optimal temperature to colonize. Show Answer

Q143) Assertion: The rate at which a population can be expected to grow in the future can be assessed graphically by means of a population pyramid.
Reason: A triangular population pyramid is characteristic of a country whose population is stable, neither growing nor shrinking. Show Answer

Q144) Assertion: External parasitism is generally marked by much more extreme specialization than internal parasitism.
Reason: The structure of an internal parasite is usually very complex possessing suckers, reproductive organs, etc. Show Answer